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Understanding the Internet: How It Works and How to Benefit from It



Introduction

The Internet is a vast global network that connects millions of computers and devices, enabling people to share information, communicate, and access various services. It facilitates activities such as obtaining information, communication, online gaming, watching movies, and conducting business. Understanding how the Internet operates and how to utilize it effectively is crucial for efficient and secure usage.


What is Internet?

The internet is a vast network that connects computers all over the world. Through the internet, people can share information and communicate from anywhere with an Internet connection.


Web Server: Is a special computer built up with selected high-quality components, which can endure incessant work and high load and is connected to the Internet “24x7” so that each Internet user around the world can access your website at all times.

Webpage: Single page which contain some information.

Website: Website are the collection of webpages and URL.

URL: Uniform resource locator.

Http: It control the data transfer between server and client.

Search Engine: Software program that helps people to find information online using keywords or phrase.


History of Internet

  • Introduced by us defense department in 1969.
  • ARPANET (Advanced research project Agency network).
  • Original ARPANET was shut down in 1990.   

Advantage of Internet

1. Easy communication with people.

2. Publishing documents on the internet to save paper.

3. Greater access to information.

4. Easy to connect anyone on the internet.

5. Entertainment.


Disadvantage of Internet

1. Addiction, time waste and causes distraction.

2. Spam and advertising.

3. Pornography and violent images.

4. Hacking, viruses, cheating.

5. Buying things that you don’t need.

6. Not safe for children.

7. Cyber frauds.


Uses of Internet

1. Access to information.

2. International communication.

3. Research.

4. Education.

5. Entertainment.


How Does The Internet Work?

  • The Internet provides numerous services that are different from each other to the clients. These services can be information, resources, and services.
  • After searching a piece of certain information from the internet, there is a back-end process that occurs. This process goes through steps by checking your search items from the internet. 

Domain Name System/Service (DNS) 

Domain naming system/service is a service that provides naming resolution; it converts names to IP address and IP address to names.



Types of Domain Name System

1. An authoritative DNS

  • It will either return the requested IP address.
  • Or Return an authoritative “NO”.   

2. Non-authoritative DNS

  • It will either check is cache.
  • Use forwarders (a type of server).
  • Use Root hints.

What happens after you Write YouTube.com on the Search Bar of Google?


Step One: At the client-side, the request is sent to the “Authoritative DNS Server” so that the name (youtube.com) will be converted into IP address. The authoritative will check its cache memory, and if the information is found it will send the IP address of the youtube.com, so that client can access YouTube. If the information is not founded it will send a replay “NO” to the client.

Step Two: Again, the request will be sent to the “Non-Authoritative DNS Server”. It will check its cache memory and if the information (youtube.com) is found it will provide the IP address of the YouTube or else if the information is not founded, the Non-authoritative will forward the request to another server called “forwarders” (server).


Step Three: The forwarder server will forward the request to the Internet. The Internet has a Root Server (.), the root server (.) will forward the request to the respective domain (.com). The .com is a top-level domain and it will forward the request to the second level domain server (google.com).


Step Four: Again, the request will be forwarded to the sub-level domain (youtube.com).


Step Five: After youtube.com (sub-level domain) receives the request from google.com (second-level domain) it will send its IP address to the forwarder server, and the forwarder server will forward the IP address to the Non-authoritative DNS Server at this point the Non-Authoritative will forward the IP address client system so that it can access youtube.com.


   


What happens if the query is not founded on the Internet?

The request will be forwarded to the root hints sever. Root hints are a list of the DNS servers on the internet that your DNS Servers can use to resolve queries for names that it does not know. When a DNS Server cannot resolve a name query by using its local data, it uses its root hints to send the query to a DNS server, these servers the main servers that stores all the information present on the internet.

 

The World Wide Web

The World Wide Web is like a global filing system that runs on the internet. Each entry in this filing system is a website which can consist of many webpages. Each webpage brings code, text, and multimedia files together. Hyperlinks are special interconnection between webpages that help users navigate through the World Wide Web. The World Wide Web (WWW) officially became operational in 1991, created by Tim Berners-Lee while working at CERN.


The Internet is a globally connected network of networks, comprising computers, servers, routers, and fiber-optic cables forming the essential technical infrastructure that keeps the Internet operational. At its core, it relies on communication protocols such as TCP/IP the foundational suite governing how data is packetized, addressed, transmitted, routed, and reassembled alongside various other protocols like SMTP, FTP, and more, which dictate how different types of information are exchanged. The Internet supports a wide array of services beyond just the World Wide Web (WWW). These include email, media streaming, online gaming, Voice over IP (VoIP) phone calls, and cloud storage, among others.

 

Conclusion: The Internet stands as a transformative force, reshaping how we live, work, and communicate. When utilized responsibly, it serves as a powerful tool for personal growth, knowledge acquisition, and global connectivity. However, it's crucial to understand its workings and potential risks. By being informed and cautious, we can harness the Internet's vast resources to enhance our lives while safeguarding our privacy and well-being. Embracing the Internet with awareness and responsibility ensures that it remains a beneficial asset in our digital age.



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